Objective: To study the effect of the influence of the concentration of serum TK1 and survival prognosis of traditional Chinese medicine combined with chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer after surgery. Methods: According to the treatment method, 100 patients with non-small cell lung cancer a er surgery as the research object are divided into a control group and a treatment group according to the random method (n=50). e control group were treated with chemotherapy, and the treatment group were treated with traditional Chinese medicine on the basis of the control group. The different level of serum TK1 in all patients before treatment were compared with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the clinical and pathological characters were compared by chi square test and the independent prognostic factors for univariate analysis and Cox regression analysis. e di erent level of serum TK1 in two groups a er treatment were compared by T test. Results: All Patients’ postoperative survival in TK1 (≤0.5 pmol/L) was signi cantly higher in TK1 (>0.5 pmol/L), (P<0.01); in the clinical and pathological features, T stage (P=0.010), N staging (P=0.002) showed relationship with TK1; in terms of prognosis, T staging (HR=1.739, P=0.006) and N staging (HR=1.694, P<0.001) are independent prognostic factors of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Conclusion: Traditional Chinese medicine combined with chemotherapy e ectively inhibited the expression of the serum concentration of TK1 in the patients with non- small cell lung cancer a er surgery, so as to play a role in inhibiting tumor growth, which is conducive to prolonged survival of patients, also serum TK1 can be used as an important prognosis factor of curative e ect evaluation in non-small cell lung cancer patients.