The detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation gene is an important cornerstone of lung cancer treatment. At present, lung cancer tissue, exfoliative cells and liquid biopsy specimens are used in clinic practice for the detection of EGFR. Even more, the detection of urine specimens also shows potential application prospect. There are many detecting techniques for above specimens, the one of specific targets technology, such as Beaming dPCR, sARMS, and the other one of screening tests technology, such as next generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger sequencing. The different specific specimen types and the testing purpose for different detecting techniques according to individual advantage. With the development of emerging technology, surface-enhanced Raman scattering shows the great application in clinical practice as the novel detecting technique.