by air pollution, and the effect of compound Chinese herbal medicine on the respiratory system injury caused by air ne particles was studied. Methods: e atmospheric PM2.5 samples were collected from Changsha City tra c area during the winter. e mouse of C57BIV6 was used as the test object feeding this herbal medicine (a total of 8 kinds of herbal ingredients). When the mice exposed in air pollution, the e ects on the functions of the respiratory tract and lung pathology were observed. Results: e respiratory function indexes of experimental mice, such as cough latent period, cough frequency and excretion of phenolsulfonphthalein were observed. e lung tissue pathological indexes, such as pulmonary congestion, bronchial epithelial high column, small artery wall thickening, pulmonary hemorrhage, alveolar septal thickening, tissue necrosis, brous tissue proliferation and Langerhanscell (LC) proliferation were also observed. e results showed that respiratory function was obviously weakened caused by air ne particles, pathology changes signi cantly. e compound Chinese herbal medicine was quite e ective to the respiratory system injury caused by air ne particles. Conclusion: Air ne particles can cause many kinds of lung tissue lesions with di erent degree. e compound Chinese herbal medicine has be er protective e ect on lung lesions caused by air ne particles.