Objective: To analyze the effects of insulin supplementation with enhanced neurotrophic regimen treatment and prognosis in patients with diabetic and peripheral neuropathy. Methods: A total of 105 patients with diabetic and peripheral neuropathy who were treated from January 2015 to August 2016 were divided into an observation group (53 cases) and a control group (52 cases) according to the principle of random assignment. The control group was treated with routine insulin therapy, and the observation group was given supplemental insulin supplemented with enhanced neurotrophy. The effects of the treatment between the two groups were observed. Results: The total effective rate of the observation group was 90.57%, while that of the control group was 75.47%, which had a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in nerve conduction velocity and oxidative stress between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, the indexes of the two groups were significantly improved, and the effect of the sensory, motor nerve conduction velocity and oxidative stress of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Enhanced neurotrophic program and insulin supplementation in patients with diabetic and peripheral neuropathy can significantly improve nerve conduction velocity and reduce oxidative stress in vivo, which improve the therapeutic effect. It is worth to promote the use.