Objective: To compare the difference complication of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) with solid tumor and acute leukemia patients in order to provide a better treatment strategies in patients with application. Methods: A total of 100 cases of solid tumors and 100 cases of acute leukemia patients with PICC before chemotherapy were selected from August 2009 to June 2015. The incidence of the difference complications of PICC with solid tumors and acute leukemia were observed. Results: The complication rate was 39.0% in acute leukemia after PICC, significantly higher than that of solid tumors 26.0%, χ2=3.85, P<0.05. The incidence of phlebitis was 27.0% vs. 23.0%, χ2=0.43, P>0.05; the infection rate was 21.0% vs. 10.0%, χ2=4.62, P<0.05; the thrombosis rate was 15.0% vs. 23.0%, χ2=2.28, P>0.05; the incidence of catheter blockage was 11.0% vs. 13.0%, χ2=0.19, P>0.05; the bleeding rate was 16.0 % vs. 3.0%, χ2=9.83, P<0.01. Blood parameters showed that the white blood cells in acute leukemia group were significantly lower than that of solid tumor with infectious complications; the white blood cells in acute leukemia group were significantly higher than that group of solid tumors with thrombosis, the platelets in acute leukemia group were significantly lower than that in solid tumors with bleeding. Conclusion: The complication rate of acute leukemia and solid tumor patients with PICC was different, which may closely related to blood routine parameters.