Objective: To investigate the efficacy and factors of endoscopic optic nerve decompression for traumatic optic neuropathy. Methods: A retrospective analysis of October 2003 to October 2012 in our hospital during the hospitalization of 49 cases (50) traumatic optic neuropathy’s clinical data, all patients in the implementation of endoscopic optic nerve decompression surgery, comparing the patient’s visual acuity before and after surgery, and the impact of prognostic factors were explored. Results: The total 49 cases (50) of effective rate was 44.00% (22/50), there is the advantage of the level of light perception vision, eyes manually, a higher vision than 0.02, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Time from injury to surgery within the 3 days and 7 days have a significant effect, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). And whether to apply before sex, age, preoperative and intraoperative steroid pulse therapy whether sheathotomy group, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: The treatment of endoscopic optic nerve decompression for traumatic optic neuropathy with good results, visual acuity of light perception vision, eyes manually, a higher vision than 0.02 and patients with early surgical intervention within 3 days can be obtained the more significant clinical effect.