Objective: To observe the self-perceived burden and the risk factors of patients with bladder cancer after radical operation, and to provide theoretical basis and data support for clinical intervention and improve the quality of life of patients. Methods: Convenience sampling method was used to select 102 patients with radical bladder cancer who were admitted in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from December 2018 to December 2021. According to the self-perceived burden 3 months after the operation, the patients were divided into an obvious burden group and a no obvious burden group. The baseline data of the 2 groups were collected to analyze the influencing factors of self-perceived burden in patients with bladder cancer after radical resection, independent risk factors were selected to establish a logistic regression model, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to observe the predictive value of the regression model for obvious self-perceived burden after the surgery. Results: The Self-Perceived Burden Scale (SPBS) score of all patients was 32.59±8.26, and 81 (79.41%) had obvious self-perceived burden, including 17 with severe burden, 53 with moderate burden, and 11 with mild burden; 21 (20.59%) with no obvious burden, were classified as the no obvious burden group. There were statistically significant differences in age, work status, monthly household income per capita, pathological T stage, chronic disease, self-care ability, and complications between the 2 groups (all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age, per capita monthly income of family, chronic diseases, self-care ability, and complications were all independent risk factors for obvious self-perceived burden in patients with bladder cancer after radical surgery (all P<0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the 5 independent risk factors screened out, including age, per capita monthly income of the family, chronic diseases, self-care ability, and complications, which had a certain predictive effect on the apparent self-perceived burden after the surgery. The area under the curves (AUC) were respectively 0.645, 0.681, 0.656, 0.776, 0.643. The logistic regression model established by the above 5 independent risk factors predicted the AUC of obvious self-perceived burden after the surgery was 0.955 (95%CI 0.917 to 0.993, P<0.001). Conclusion: Patients with bladder cancer often have moderate to severe self-perceived burden after radical resection. Risk factors include age, per capita monthly income of the family, chronic diseases, self-care ability, and complications. The logistic regression model constructed using the above risk factors has good predictive value for the obvious self-perceived burden after surgery, and can provide guidance for early clinical intervention.