Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) and its relationship with hyperlipidemia. Methods: The clinical data of 122 patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) who received treatment in Huaibei Miners’ General Hospital from October 2018 to September 2021 and successfully completed a follow-up of ≥1 year after hospitalization were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether AP recurrence occurred within one year after hospitalization, the patients were divided into a single attack group (60 cases) and a RAP group (62 cases). The clinical data of the 2 groups were collected and compared, and the relationship between hyperlipidemia and RAP was analyzed. Results: The age of RAP group was lower than that of single incident group, and the proportion of smoking history, drinking history, and hyperlipidemia were higher than that of single incident group (all P<0.05). The triglyceride level in RAP group was significantly higher than that in single group (P<0.05). Compared with RAP patients with biliary etiology, the proportion of recurrence ≥2 times in RAP patients with hyperlipidemia was significantly higher (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that smoking, drinking, and hyperlipidemia were independent risk factors for RAP (P<0.05). Conclusion: RAP tends to occur in young and middle-aged men, among which hyperlipidemic RAP is more common, and hyperlipidemia is an independent risk factor for RAP.