Objective: To explore the perioperative negative emotion and its influencing factors in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 112 patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection admitted to our hospital from February 2019 to February 2020. The degree of anxiety and depression were evaluated before operation, during ICU hospitalization, and 1 day before discharge. The psychological analysis questionnaire made by our hospital was used to investigate the factors related to emotional health. Results: Patients with anxiety before operation accounted for 59.82% and patients with depression accounted for 50.89%; patients with anxiety during ICU hospitalization accounted for 52.68%, and patients with depression accounted for 65.18%; patients with anxiety at 1 day before discharge accounted for 34.82%, and patients with depression accounted for 32.14%. The Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores of the preoperative patients were higher than those 1 day before discharge (P<0.05); the SAS scores of patients during ICU hospitalization were not significantly different from those before the operation (P>0.05), but the SDS scores were higher than those before the operation (P<0.05). The SAS and SDS scores of patients with high education before operation and during ICU hospitalization were higher than those with low education (P<0.05). Perioperative anxiety and depression in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection are closely related to personal factors such as personality characteristics, emotional resolution methods, emergency handling methods and other personal factors (P<0.05). Conclusion: Stanford type A aortic dissection patients have significant perioperative periods The incidence of such symptoms before surgery is higher than that after surgery. The production of negative emotions is affected by many factors. Only through scientific and effective intervention measures can improve patients’ awareness of the disease, and fundamentally reduce anxiety and depression. In order to reduce the risk of preoperative aortic dissection rupture, increase survival rate and improve prognosis.