Objective: To investigate the cardiovascular calcification in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), analyze the risk where vascular calcification occurs through collecting relevant data, and explore the correlation between pentraxin 3 (PTX3) factor and vascular calcification in MHD patients. Methods: A total of 108 patients (58 males and 50 females) who received maintenance hemodialysis at the Blood Purification Center of Nangang Clinic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University between December 2015 and December 2017 were included for collecting general information, clinical data, and dialysis time, and performing fasting venous blood sampling before dialysis as well. For them, routine blood indexes, biochemistry indexes, PTH, FER and hs-CRP were tested, serum PTX3 level was detected using double-antibody sandwich ELISA, and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), arterial plaque formation, cardiac valve calcification and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC score) were measured. Results: 1) Vascular calcification occurred in 86 cases (79.6%), while in the other 22 cases (20.4%), vascular calcification did not occur. There were significant differences in age, dialysis age, diabetes, 24 h urine volume, diastolic blood pressure, phosphorus (P), AKP, PTH and PTX3 between the vascular calcification group and the non-vascular calcification group (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in Hb, Scr, Ca, ALB, hs-CRP, TG and LDL between the two groups (P>0.05). 2) A multivariate logistic regression analysis on vascular calcification related factors showed that vascular calcification was significantly correlated with PTX3, age, P and PTH. 3) Of the 108 patients, 73 had carotid atherosclerosis, 80 had cardiac valve calcification, and 78 had abdominal aortic calcification. According to the results, for all of the three sites, there was statistical significance for PTX3 between the vascular calcification group and the non-vascular calcification group (P<0.001). 4) The results of PTX3 and AAC score for abdominal aortic calcification showed a high correlation between PTX3 and AAC score (P<0.001, r=0.88, r²=0.7). Conclusion: Age, P, PTH, PTX3 are correlated with vascular calcification in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. The serum PTX3 level is positively correlated with the degree of vascular calcification, that is, the degree of cardiovascular calcification increases with PTX3 concentration.