Objective: To explore the effect of transumbilical single-port laparoscopic myomectomy (SPLM) and traditional multiport laparoscopic myomectomy (MPLM) in the treatment of uterine fibroids. Methods: A total of 90 patients with uterine fibroids admitted to our hospital from April 2018 to April 2021 were selected, including 48 cases of SPLM (SPLM group) and 42 cases of MPLM (MPLM group). Thirty-five healthy women were selected as a control group. The general operation conditions, complications, and incision satisfaction scores [Body Image Scale (BIS) and Cosmetic Scale (CS)] were compared between the SPLM group and the MPLM group, and the ovarian function indexes [antral follicles count (AFC), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)] before the operation, 1 month and 3 months after the operation were compared between the two groups. Results: The operation time of the SPLM group was longer than that of the MPLM group (P<0.05), but the postoperative exhaust time and postoperative hospital stay of the SPLM group were shorter than those of the MPLM group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in hemoglobin decreased value, recovery time of bowel sounds, and pain score at 1 day after the operation between the 2 groups (P>0.05). There was no difference in the total incidence of postoperative complications such as incision infection, gastrointestinal reactions, and urinary retention between the 2 groups (P>0.05). BIS score in the SPLM group was significantly lower than that in the MPLM group (P<0.05), and CS score was higher than that in the MPLM group (P<0.05). There was no difference in the levels of AFC, FSH and LH between the SPLM group and the MPLM group before and 3 months after operation (P> 0.05), but they were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The efficacy and safety of SPLM and MPLM in the treatment of uterine fibroids are similar. SPLM has the advantages of rapid recovery and high scar aesthetics, which can better meet the aesthetic needs of women.