Objective: To explore the effect of extended nursing based on planned behavior theory on medication compliance and recovery in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: A total of 80 prospective patients with schizophrenia admitted in Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from March 2018 to March 2019 were prospectively. According to the random number table method, they were divided into observation group and control group (n=40). The control group was given conventional nursing measures, and the observation group was given extended care based on the theory of planned behavior based on the control group. Patients in both groups were re-examined 6 months after discharge , and completed the planned questionnaire scoring factors (medicine attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, medication intention) and medication compliance report scale [Medication Adherence Report Scale for Asthma (MARS)] for planned behavior theory medication compliance questionnaire; the two groups were compared for medication compliance; the WHO-QOL-BREF was used to evaluate the quality of life of the two groups after nursing; the rehabilitation status of the two groups was compared using the Social Function Defect Screening Scale (SDSS) and Morningside Rehabilitation Status Scale (MRSS); comparison of patient satisfaction between the two groups. Results: All questionnaires and scale surveys reached 100% recovery. The observation group’s medication attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, and medication intention score were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After nursing, the MARS score of the two groups was higher than before the nursing, and the observation group was higher than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After nursing, the physiological, psychological, social relationship and environmental scores of WHO-QOL-BREF in the two groups were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After nursing, the behavioral MRSS and SDSS scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group, and the nursing satisfaction was higher than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The extended nursing model based on the theory of planned behavior has a significant effect on clinical nursing of schizophrenic patients, which is conducive to improving the compliance of schizophrenic patients, improving the quality of life, and promoting patient recovery.