Lumbar spine surgery can cause great trauma to bones and muscles, and high degree of postoperative pain, which belongs to moderate pain intensity. Postoperative pain not only causes unpleasant experience to patients, but also prevents patients from performing effective functional exercise due to pain, thus delaying the recovery of patients. Severe pain also increases the incidence of various postoperative complications. Especially for elderly patients, it is more likely to induce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents. Spinal analgesia is rarely used in lumbar surgery for postoperative analgesia due to concerns about infection and nerve damage. Postoperative analgesia for such an operations is usually systemic, opioid based, which increases postoperative complications such as nausea, vomiting, and respiratory depression. In recent years, ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia has been continuously improved and popularized. Some regional anesthesia methods have been proven to be an important part of multimodal analgesia after the lumbar spine surgery, which can not only reduce postoperative pain, but also improve patient satisfaction and speed up postoperative rehabilitation.