Objective: To determination of serum interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) levels in patients with bronchial asthma complicated with pulmonary infection and its clinical significance. Methods: The plasma IL-4 and IL-10 levels of 90 patients admitted to Jiangsu Shengze Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from June 2018 to June 2019 who were clinically diagnosed as having an acute attack of bronchial asthma were detected by ELISA, and the differences in plasma IL-4 and IL-10 levels between different groups were compared. Results: A total of 90 cases of bronchial asthma were included, including 45 cases of simple bronchial asthma (group A), 45 cases of bronchial asthma with pulmonary infection (group B), and 45 cases of healthy people (control group). There was no statistical difference in the distribution of sex and age indexes between the asthma group and control group (P>0.05), but there was statistical difference in the distribution of smokers (P=0.04); the serum IL-4 level in bronchial asthma group was (40.23±9.57) pg/mL, significantly higher than that in healthy control group [(15.73±2.26) pg/mL, P<0.05]; but the serum IL-10 level was significantly lower than that in healthy control group (P<0.05). The serum level of IL-4 in group A was (33.55±6.19) pg/mL, which was significantly lower than that in group B [(46.89±7.49) pg/mL, P<0.05], but the serum level of IL-10 was significantly higher than that in group B (P<0.05). Conclusion: Serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10 are associated with bronchial asthma and pulmonary infection.