Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of uterine artery embolization plus uterine cleaning in the treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP). Methods: Seventy-five cases of CSP between January 2015 and November 2018 in Chaohu Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into an intervention group (n=49), treated by embolization + uterine cleaning; and a non-intervention group (n=26), treated by drugs (mifepristone, methotrexate) + uterine cleaning. The clinical efficacy, the effectiveness and safety of the method, and the impact on the fertility function were analyzed. Results: There was no significant difference in the time of menopause, age, blood β-hCG between the two groups (P>0.05). The treatment cost, hospitalization time, intraoperative bleeding volume, success rate of operation, reduction of menstrual volume, and reduction of β-hCG value to half of the time before operation were significantly different between the two groups (P<0.001). There was statistical difference between the two groups in menstrual recovery time (P=0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups (P=1.000). Conclusion: Uterine artery embolization plus uterine cleaning can significantly reduce the risk of massive hemorrhage and improve the success rate of operation in the treatment of CSP patients, but it may have a certain negative impact on the fertility function, and should be used carefully for patients with fertility requirements.