Objective: To study the clinical characteristics and prognosis of fetus with lateral ventricular enlargement. Methods: Fifty cases of single fetus with lateral ventricular enlargement during pregnancy were selected from January 2016 to October 2018 in Hefei First People’s Hospital, and 50 cases of single fetus with normal paracele width during the same period were included as control. Participants in the case group were divided into 3 groups according to the degree of newly diagnosed lateral ventricular enlargement: Group A (10–12 mm), Group B (13–15 mm), and Group C (>15 mm). The results of imaging, serological screening and interventional prenatal diagnosis, pregnancy outcomes and postnatal follow-up were compared among the A, B, and C groups. The delivery mode and neonatal status of the study group and the control group were compared. Results: There was no statistical difference in the three groups of neonates with chromosomal abnormalities, other soft ultrasound indicators, fetal malformations, induced labor and Apgar score. There were significant differences in NABA among the three groups (P<0.05), and the degree of left ventricle widening was negatively correlated with NABA scores (P<0.05). No statistical difference in delivery mode, neonatal weight and Apgar scores between the study group and the control group was observed (P>0.05), whereas NABA scores in the control group were higher than that in the study group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Fetal lateral ventricular enlargement increases the risk of postnatal nervous system dysplasia. Severe enlargement and left ventricular enlargement are closely related to postnatal nervous system dysplasia.