Objective: To investigate the effects of lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) on cisplatin-induced premature ovarian failure in rats. Methods: A total of 80 female SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: a control group, a DDP alone group (DDP group), a DDP + low-dose LBP group (DDP + LBP-L group), and a DDP + high-dose LBP group (DDP + LBP-H group). The rats in the control group were raised normally. The rats in DDP group were intraperitoneally injected with 2 mg/kg DDP every day for 14 days. The rats in the DDP+LBP-L group and the DDP+LBP-H group were given 5 and 10 mg/kg LBP solution every day, respectively, followed by intraperitoneal injection of 2 mg/kg DDP for 14 days. After administration for 14 days, femoral venous blood, ovarian tissues and uterine tissues were collected. Ovarian tissues were taken for HE staining and DDX4 immunohistochemical staining. Follicle counts and morphology at different stages of ovarian development were analyzed. The contents of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2) in serum were detected. Uterine tissue was taken for HE staining. Results: Compared with the control group, in the DDP group, the ovary was damaged, the number of primordial follicles, primary follicles, presinus follicles, sinus follicles and total follicles was decreased, and the number of atresia follicles was increased. However, the ovary of the DDP + LBP group was similar to that of the control group, and the high-dose LBP group had higher degree of similarity. Compared with the control group, DDP increased the content of FSH and decrease the content of E2 in serum, and LBP could improve this situation. DDP treatment could damage the endometrium and reduce the number of glands, while the endometrial damage was reduced after LBP treatment, and the improvement degree of high dose LBP was more obvious. Conclusion: Cisplatin can damage the structure and function of the ovary of rats, while LBP can weaken the adverse effect and protect the ovary in some cases.