外泌体在肌萎缩侧索硬化中的研究进展
| 作者: |
4何锴琳,
4张航,
2,3,4王俊岭
2 中南大学湘雅医院神经内科，长沙 410008 3 中南大学医学遗传学研究中心，长沙 410078 4 神经退行性疾病湖南省重点实验室，长沙 410078 4 中南大学湘雅医学院，长沙 410008 |
| 通讯: |
王俊岭
Email: wjling8002@126.com |
| DOI: | 10.3978/j.issn.2095-6959.2019.08.026 |
| 基金: | 国家自然科学基金(81671120，81300981)；国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1312003)；中南大学创新驱动人才计划(2016cxs022)。 |
摘要
外泌体是一种直径为40~100 nm的含有双层脂质膜的转运小体，可由多种类型的细胞释放，并且广泛分布于血液、脑脊液、唾液等体液中。通过膜蛋白与靶蛋白接触、配体-受体结合以及直接膜融合等多种方式，外泌体将其携带的蛋白质、mRNA和microRNA等物质转运至靶细胞中，参与细胞间的通讯，进而参与多种生理与病理过程。目前研究发现外泌体广泛参与到肌萎缩侧索硬化症(amyotrophic lateral sclerosis，ALS)、阿尔兹海默病、帕金森病等多种神经退行性疾病的发生发展过程中。
关键词：
神经系统退行性疾病；肌萎缩侧索硬化；外泌体
Research progress of exosomes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
CorrespondingAuthor: WANG Junling Email: wjling8002@126.com
DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2095-6959.2019.08.026
Foundation: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (81671120, 81300981)
Abstract
Exosomes are transporting bodies containing a bilayer lipid membrane with a diameter between 40 to 100 nm, which can be released by various types of cells and widely distributed in body fluids including blood, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva and the systemic circulation thereafter. Through membrane proteins in contact with target proteins, ligand-receptor binding, and direct membrane fusion, exosomes transport proteins, mRNA, and microRNAs that they carry to target cells, participating in cell-to-cell communication as well as a variety of physiological and pathological processes. At present, it is found that exosomes are widely involved in the development of various neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheime’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.
Keywords：
neurodegenerative disorders; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; exosome