Many benign kidneys diseases, such as hydronephrosis, renal tuberculosis and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), can finally result in a non-functioning kidney at the advanced stage. Retroperitoneal laparoscopic simple nephrectomy (RLSN) has become a standard method for the treatment of benign nonfunctional kidneys. Several studies have shown that the difficulty and complexity of RLSN is related to a variety of factors. Renal volume and degree of peritoneal adhesion could influence the process. And patients with high body mass index (BMI), history of upper urinary tract surgery, renal tuberculosis and ADPKD may also make an extension of operative time and increase of surgical risk; in addition, surgeon’s experience and level of learning curve also affects the operation procedure to a large extent.