Objective: To explore the relationship between preoperative blood-related parameters and prognosis of laryngeal cancer patients. Methods: The clinical data of 102 patients with laryngeal cancer who underwent surgery in our hospital from May 2011 to May 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the preoperative venous blood neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the patients were divided into a high NLR group (n=37) and a low NLR group (n=65). The clinical pathological features, coagulation parameters, 5-year overall survival, and factors influencing patient survival and prognosis were compared between the two groups. Results: There was no significant difference in age and gender between the two groups (P>0.05). However, there was a significant difference between the low NLR group in tumor classification, differentiation, T-grade, N-grade, and clinical stage in the high NLR group (P<0.05). The prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial prothrombin time (APTT) levels in the high NLR group were significantly higher than those in the low NLR group (P<0.05); the fibrinogen (FIB) and platelet (PLT) levels were significantly lower in the high NLR group. In the low NLR group (P<0.05). The survival rate in the low NLR group was 86.15%; the 5-year survival rate in the high NLR group was 54.05%; the 5-year survival rate in the low NLR group was significantly higher than that in the high NLR group (P<0.05). The 5-year survival rate of patients with laryngeal cancer was positively correlated with tumor type, tumor tissue differentiation, T-grade, N-grade and clinical stages (P<0.05). Tumor typing, degree of tissue differentiation, lymph node metastasis, T-grade, N-grade, clinical stage, and NLR were independent factors for the prognosis of patients. Conclusion: The preoperative blood NLR >3.2 is an independent risk factor for the prognosis of laryngeal cancer patients.