Objective: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of “Plan-Do-Check Action” (PDCA) nursing management on patients with peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) catheterization in leukemia. Methods: Data of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of PDCA nursing management for leukemia patient with PICC catheterization were collected by searching the eight electronic databases: CBM, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, CENTRAL, Embase, CINAHL. Two reviewers independently screened literatures according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies by the Cochrane “Risk of Bias Tool”. Data synthesis was conducted by RevMan 5.3 software. Results: A total of 18 RCTs involving 1 285 patients were included. The results of systematic review showed that compared with the conventional nursing for leukemia patient with PICC catheterization, PDCA nursing management has statistical significance on PICC catheter retention time (MD=22.30, 95% CI: 15.40–29.20, P<0.05), puncture point infection (OR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.25–0.71, P<0.05), phlebitis (OR=0.28, 95% CI: 0.17–0.46, P<0.05), intravascular catheter related infection (OR=0.32, 95% CI: 0.17–0.59, P<0.05), catheter blockage (OR=0.23, 95% CI: 0.13–0.39, P<0.05), and accidental dehydration (OR=0.22, 95% CI: 0.11–0.46, P<0.05). Conclusion: Compared with conventional nursing, PDCA nursing management can increase the catheter retention time of patients with leukemia PICC catheterization, reduce the incidence of infection of puncture point, phlebitis, intravascular catheter related infection, catheter blockage, accidental tube removal and other complications.