外泌体miRNA 与疾病诊治的研究进展
| 作者: |
1李羿,
1申兵冰,
1徐小松,
1唐晓鹏,
1赵洪雯,
2陈志文
1 陆军军医大学附属第一医院肾科，重庆 400038 2 陆军军医大学附属第一医院泌尿科，重庆 400038 |
| 通讯: |
赵洪雯
Email: zhaohw212@126.com |
| DOI: | 10.3978/j.issn.2095-6959.2018.09.030 |
摘要
外泌体(exosome)直径40~100 nm，由细胞向细胞外间隙释放的一类脂质双分子膜包裹的囊泡。外泌体及其包含的miRNA，mRNA和蛋白质不但可以反映来源细胞的病理生理状态，而且被证实是重要的细胞间通讯及生物活性物质转运的重要方式，在免疫应答、蛋白代谢、细胞损伤后转归、肿瘤的发生与转移、耐药性等多种病理生理过程中发挥重要作用。近年来，外泌体及其miRNA在肿瘤、心血管、肝、肾、血液系统，眼部疾病及糖尿病、狼疮等系统性疾病的诊断、预后判断和治疗等方面上均呈现出作为新型分子标志物的巨大潜力。
关键词：
外泌体；miRNA；肿瘤；生物标志物
Research progress in the exosomes miRNA and disease diagnosis and treatment
CorrespondingAuthor: ZHAO Hongwen Email: zhaohw212@126.com
DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2095-6959.2018.09.030
Abstract
Exosomes are a type of lipid bilayer membrane-encapsulated vesicles with a diameter of 40–100 nm that are released from the cell to the extracellular space. Exosomes and their contained miRNAs, mRNAs and proteins not only reflect the pathophysiological status of source cells, but also have been proved to be an important way of intercellular communication and transport of bioactive substances, playing a vital role in various pathophysiological processes, such as immune response, protein metabolism, cells repair after damage, tumor occurrence and metastasis, drug resistance, and so on. In recent years, exosomes and their contained miRNAs have been showed great potential as a novel molecular marker in many aspects of diagnosis, prognosis and treatment, such as tumor, cardiovascular, liver, kidney, blood system, eye diseases and systemic diseases, including diabetes and lupus.
Keywords：
exosomes; miRNA; tumour; biomarkers