Breast cancer is a common female malignancy, and most of the patients were elderly. The incidence of breast cancer has increased in recent years and has become much younger. The early symptoms of the disease are not obvious, and once clinical manifestation is present, it is often in the middle and late stage, missing the optimal treatment time. At present, the serum markers routinely used in early screening of breast cancer (CA153, CEA, BCA225 and so on) are all with drawbacks of low specificity or sensitivity. In addition, although the clinical treatment for breast cancer has made great progress, it’s still a problem to be solved at present that the inherent or acquired drug resistance and transfer of tumor cells can lead to poor curative effect and the final death. Recent studies have shown that exosome plays an important role in the development of breast cancer and has the potential to be a biomarker for breast cancer’s diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, further study on the relationship between exosomes and breast cancer will help to improve breast cancer diagnosis and treatment efficiency.