Notch signaling pathway is a short-range signal transduction pathway that regulates cell fate by the interaction between adjacent cells. It can directly receive signals from neighboring cells, transduce signals into the nucleus, activate and regulate related transcription factors, and then regulate cell activation. Microglia, the first line of defense of the central nervous system immune defense, is an innate immune cell that maintains the homeostasis of the central nervous system and its activation is associated with a variety of diseases of the nervous system. Notch signaling pathway plays an important role in the activation of microglia and can regulate the release of inflammatory mediators from microglia.