Objective: To investigate the application effect of evidence-based nursing in patients with renal struvite staghorn calculi. Methods: A total of 136 cases of kidney cast infectious stones treated by percutaneous nephrolithotomy in our hospital from February 2015 to January 2017 were selected, and 68 patients from February 2015 to January 2016 were included in the control group and received routine nursing care; 68 patients from February 2016 to January 2017 were included in the study group and received evidence-based nursing and. After the end of nursing, the pain and mental health status of the two groups were compared, and the satisfaction of postoperative pain control and postoperative complications of the two groups were recorded and compared. Results: The scores of pain in study group at 24 and 72 h after operation were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05); the SAS and SDS scores of both groups decreased after nursing, and the reduction level in study group was more significant than that in control group (P<0.05); the satisfaction degree of pain management in the study group was significantly better than that in the control group (P<0.05); the incidence of postoperative complications in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group (22.06% vs 75.00%, P<0.05). Conclusion: The implementation of evidence-based nursing can effectively reduce the postoperative pain, anxiety and depression degrees, and improve the satisfaction degree of pain management, and reduce postoperative complications.