Objective: To acquaintance the status quo of psychological resilience of patients with permanent stoma of rectal cancer, and to explore the correlation between psychological resilience of patients with permanent stoma of rectal cancer and stigma and psychological pain. Methods: One hundred and four patients with permanent stoma of rectal cancer treated in our hospital were selected from November 2016 to October 2017, self-designed general information questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Social Impact Scale (SIS) and Psychological Distress Thermometer (DT) were used to evaluate patients. Results: The score of psychological resilience of patients with permanent stoma of rectal cancer was 52.22±8.78. The score of colostomy stigma was 60.21±11.44. Among 104 rectal cancer patients with permanent stoma, the median rate of psychological distress was 59.62%. Tenacity is negatively related to social exclusion, internal shame, social isolation, and psychological distress (P<0.05). Self-improvement was negatively correlated with the various dimensions of stigma and psychological distress (P<0.01). Optimism was negatively correlated with the various dimensions of stigma and psychological distress (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion: Psychological resilience of patients with permanent stoma of rectal cancer was at a lower level. Improving the resilience of patients can effectively reduce the stigma of patients, alleviate the psychological pain of patients, so as to enhance the quality of life of patients.