Objective: To investigate the changes of blood pressure fluctuation in elderly patients with hypertension and the effect of anxiolytic therapy on blood pressure. Methods: The basic information was collected in 46 elderly patients with primary hypertension in the disaster area during the period of flood relief; and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured at the same time. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: anesthesia group (23 cases), which received conventional medical antihypertensive therapy while increasing the anxiolytic drugs and psychological counseling treatment; control group (23 cases) were simply given conventional medical antihypertensive drugs. After 8 weeks of treatment, HAMA score, blood pressure variability [morning peak phenomenon (MBPS), blood pressure variability (BPV)] and vascular stiffness [pulse pressure index (PPI), ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI), central arterial pressure (CAP) and PWV] changes were measured and compared between the two groups and analyze the effect of each treatment. Results: Forty-six cases of elderly hypertensive patients in the flood and reconstruction process have appeared in varying degrees of anxiety, and blood pressure fluctuated significantly. After 8 weeks of treatment, HAMA score, blood pressure variability (MBPS, short-term BPV) and PPI were significantly higher than those before treatment (P<0.05). But the improvement of the patients in the anxiolytic group was better than that in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in CAP, AASI and PWV between the two groups in the vascular stiffness index (P>0.05). Conclusion: Flooding and post-disaster reconstruction can easily cause different levels of anxiety in the elderly population, which may lead to the state of stress in elderly hypertensive patients. The elderly patients with hypertension who underwent flood and post-disaster reconstruction were treated with conventional antihypertensive therapy, as well as with anti-anxiety treatment and psychological counseling, which could effectively improve the clinical control of blood pressure.