多元化健康教育对糖尿病患者自我管理能力和生活质量的影响
| 作者: |
1于凤霞
1 房山区良乡地区社区卫生服务中心，北京 102488 |
| 通讯: |
于凤霞
Email: yufengxia002@126.com |
| DOI: | 10.3978/j.issn.2095-6959.2015.08.023 |
摘要
目的：探究多元化健康教育对糖尿病患者自我管理能力和生活质量的影响。方法：挑选我社区医院2014年1月至2015年1月就诊的100例糖尿病患者按随机数表法随机分为对照组和实验组各50例。其中对照组采取常规健康教育，实验组采取多元化健康教育。对常规健康教育对照组患者给予用药和饮食方面的指导，对实验组患者在给予用药和饮食方面指导的基础上，同时给予健康知识教育、合理饮食、适当运动、保持良好心态以及血糖自我监测等方面的指导，干预时间共3个月。通过检测患者自我饮食管理、遵医嘱药、运动自我管理、血糖自我监测的情况来比较患者的自我管理能力差异。通过观察患者总体健康、躯体疼痛、社会功能以及心理健康情况来评价患者的生活质量。通过检测患者的空腹血糖及餐后2 h血糖水平观察多元化健康教育的效果。其中，采用简明健康调查表(the Short-Form 36 Health Survey Scale，SF-36)和Deborah糖尿病自我管理表来评价两组患者生活质量和自我管理能力。结果：干预后，实验组在遵医嘱用药、饮食自我管理、运动自我管理、血糖自我检测方面比对照组有明显提高，差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01，具体P值分别为0.005、0.004、0.007、0.002)。且干预后，实验组在总体健康、躯体疼痛、社会功能以及心理健康方面评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05，依次为0.015、0.016、0.011、0.013)。实验组观察的空腹血糖以及餐后2 h血糖水平分别是6.58±1.25、9.05±1.86 mmol/L，比对照组的8.32±1.68、12.76±2.36 mmol/L明显偏低，两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01，P值分别为0.003、0.008)。结论：多元化健康教育能明显提高糖尿病患者自我管理能力，有助于改善糖尿病患者的生活质量，值得推广应用。
关键词：
多元化健康教育
糖尿病
自我管理能力
生活质量
The influence of diversified health education on diabetes self-management skills and quality of life
CorrespondingAuthor: YU Fengxia Email: yufengxia002@126.com
DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2095-6959.2015.08.023
Abstract
Objective: To explore diversified health education on self-management ability of diabetes patients and quality of life. Methods: 100 patients with diabetes were selected from January 2014 to June 2015 in our community hospital. They were randomly assigned in the experimental group of the diversified education and in the control group of conventional education by random number table method. 50 patients were assigned in each group. The patients of conventional group received health education control on medication and dietary guidance. The experimental group of patients was given medication, guidance on the basis of the diet, health education, proper diet, adequate exercise, a good attitude’s maintaining and blood glucose self-testing and other aspects of the guide. Those groups were taught for twelve months. Patients compared differences of self-management skills by the scores of catering management, prescribed medicine, exercise self-management, self-testing glycemic. At the same time they were evaluated the quality of life by observing general health, bodily pain, social functioning and mental health. The effect of diversified health education are reflected through the fasting plasma glucose and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose levels Among them, the quality of life for both groups and self-management skills were evaluated by the table of Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the table of Deborah diabetes selfmanagement. Results: After the intervention, compared with prescribed medication, self-management diet, exercise self-management, self-testing of blood glucose, the experimental group were improved significant than the control group (P<0.01, specific P values were 0.005, 0.004, 0.007, 0.002). And compared with the scores in general health, bodily pain, social functioning and mental health, the experimental group was significantly higher (P<0.05, specific P values were 0.015, 0.016, 0.011, 0.013). Fasting plasma glucose and postprandial glucose levels 2 hours was observed in the experimental group were 6.58±1.25, 9.05±1.86 mmol/L, compared with the control group 8.32±1.68, 12.76±2.36 mmol/L was significantly lower, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01, specific P values were 0.003, 0.008). Conclusion: Diversified health education can significantly improve diabetes self-management skills, help to improve the quality of life of diabetic patients, should be widely applied.