Objective: To study the effects of montelukast tablets combined with budesonide on inflammatory factors and airflow limitation in children with bronchial asthma. Methods: A total of 100 cases of children with bronchial asthma admitted into the hospital from August 2012 to April 2014 were chosen as the research object and were divided into two groups by the random number table method. The control group was treated with simple budesonide atomization inhalation while the treatment group with oral montelukast tablets on the basis of the control group. The clinical curative effect, the pulmonary function before and after the treatment, airway obstruction and the main indicators of inflammatory cytokines of the two groups were compared. Results: The total effective rate of the treatment group was 96%. Compared with 80% of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The comparison of FVC [(3.35±0.45) vs. (2.78±0.37) L], PEER [(6.76±0.51) vs. (5.21±0.45) L·s–1] and FEV1 [(2.83±0.32) vs. (2.21±0.36) L] of the two groups after the treatment was statistically significant (P<0.01). In addition, IL-6, TNF-α, hs-CRP, R5, R5-R20 and R5-R10 of the treatment group a week before and after the treatment were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Montelukast tablets combined with budesonide can obviously improve the patients’ airway inflammatory reactions, promote the recovery of pulmonary function and the curative effect is definite. The treatment can be used as an important means of treating bronchial asthma in children.