Objective: To study the short- and long-term effects of concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy and radiotherapy alone for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: From February 2008 to February 2010, selected 156 cases of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) to study, which were randomly divided into concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy group and radiotherapy group (n=78 cases), the concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy group used by oxaliplatin into joint bevacizumab and capecitabine for 2 cycles of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, radiotherapy alone group was treated with cisplatin alone radiotherapy, observed the curative effect, 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rate and local control rate and complications indicators of two groups of patients. Results: The response rate of the chemoradiotherapy group (92.3%) was significantly higher than the radiotherapy group (79.5%), with statistical significance (χ2=5.987, P<0.05); 1-, 3-, 5-year local control rate of concurrent chemoradiotherapy group (76.9%, 62.8%, 48.7%) was significantly higher than those of the radiotherapy group (62.8%, 48.7%, 38.5%), with statistical significance (χ2=5.696, P=0.031; χ2=5.595, P=0.032; χ2=5.512, P=0.039); 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rate (66.7%, 56.4%, 46.2%) of synchronized radiotherapy group was significantly higher than the radiotherapy group (56.4%, 46.2%, 35.9%), with statistical significance (χ2=5.396, P=0.033; χ2=5.445, P=0.034; χ2=5.356, P=0.031); the incidence of complications of synchronous radiotherapy group (5.1%) was significantly lower than the radiotherapy group (28.2%), with statistical significance (χ2=5.968, P<0.05). Conclusion: Synchronous radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients can better control the disease, improve the survival rate of patients, and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions. It is relatively safe.