The autophagy is regulated by a series of complicated signaling molecules. The autophagy of basic levels play an important role in clearing abnormally accumulated proteins and damaged organelles, maintaining the stability of the cell's own environment and cell survival. The up-regulation or down-regulation of autophagy levels is related to the development of neurodegenerative diseases closely. Abnormally accumulated proteins in nerve cells can be eliminated effectively by regulating autophagy, thereby the disease is remitted. With the deep research on autophagy and mechanism in recent years, promotion or reversion on autophagy may be an effective strategy in therapy for neurodegenerative diseases.