Objective: To investigate the mental symptoms of patients with hematological malignancy, to analyze their mental symptom groups and influencing factors. Methods: A total of 170 patients with hematological malignancy who were hospitalized in the hospital from January 2018 to January 2019 were enrolled. Patients were surveyed by the General Survey Questionnaire and the Profile of Mood States (POMS). Results: There were different symptoms of multiple degree in the patients. The incidence rates of fatigue, being extremely tired, sadness, being tired, anxiety and worry were above 90%. The exploratory factor analysis showed that there were 3 mental symptom groups, including stress symptom group, energy lack symptom group and the hostility symptom group. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender, matrimony, education level, economic status and health insurance were the influencing factors of the stress symptom group (P<0.05), hospitalization time was the influencing factor of the energy lack symptom group (P<0.05), and the education level was the influencing factor of the hostility symptom group (P<0.05). Conclusion: There are 3 mental symptom groups in patients with hematological malignancy, including stress symptom group, energy lack symptom group and the hostility symptom group. Demography factors are related factors influencing mental symptom groups.