Objective: To investigate the effect of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) on liver and kidney function and blood routine in patients with primary liver cancer. Methods: Clinical data of 57 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma treated with TACE were collected. e di erences of liver and kidney function and blood routine indexes were compared between the same patients before and a er operation. And the related factors of liver function injury after TACE were analyzed. Results: The levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were signi cantly increased at the 1st day a er TACE treatment. Serum total protein (TP) and serum albumin (ALB) decreased gradually from the 1st day to the 1st week after operation. Total bilirubin and direct bilirubin (DBil) were higher on the third day after operation than on the 1st and 7th day. Differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The white blood cell count was significantly increased on the 1st day a er operation and the di erence was statistically signi cant (P<0.05). ere were signi cant correlations between liver function injury a er TACE and preoperative white blood cell count, platelet count, preoperative total protein, preoperative albumin, preoperative total bilirubin, preoperative liver function Child-Pugh grade and portal vein thrombosis (P<0.05). Conclusion: TACE can cause liver injury, transient impairment of renal function and a transient increase in white blood cell count in patients with primary liver cancer. Primary liver cancer patients who have low preoperative white blood cell count and platelet count, low preoperative total protein and preoperative albumin, high preoperative total bilirubin and whose preoperative liver function Child-Pugh grade is B grade and who is combined with portal vein tumor thrombus are more likely to occur liver injury a er TACE.